The results of the 2024 Cup of Excellence (COE) Ethiopia competition have been announced, and this year's event has many highlights: all 27 winning coffees were naturally processed, and every one of them came from the JARC numerical variety series, with the Sidama region emerging as the biggest winner. Looking back, since Ethiopia first hosted the COE in 2020, it once set a record high price of $400.5 per pound; after being suspended in 2023 due to civil war, this year's relaunch has delivered a remarkable result. This article will walk you through the detailed results of this year's competition and take a deeper look at the geographical advantages of the Sidama sub-regions Bensa and Bona, as well as the origins of the JARC numerical varieties. [more…]

Ethiopia, as the birthplace of coffee, is home to more than ten thousand incompletely identified Arabica varieties, and the Sidamo region is one of the most representative star origins among them. Starting from the geographical and cultural background of Sidamo, this article traces the evolution of its name and its terroir advantages, focusing on the unique microclimate of the Santa Vini processing station and its 96-hour anaerobic natural process, while offering an in-depth interpretation of 74158 within the JARC digital variety system. At the same time, drawing on Front Street Coffee's example of bean selection, it presents the complete picture of this Sidamo Santa Vini coffee bean from origin to processing method, taking you to appreciate the diverse charm of African specialty coffee. [more…]

In Ethiopia, besides the well-known heirloom varieties, varieties such as Wush Wush, the 74 series, and Dega have gradually come into the view of coffee enthusiasts in recent years. Among them, Wush Wush, with its endearing name and excellent flavor performance, always attracts attention despite being rare on the market. Where exactly did this variety come from? How did it travel from a small village in Ethiopia to the world, and why did it take root and thrive in Colombia? Today Front Street Coffee will systematically sort out the origins and spread of Wush Wush for everyone, from the anthracnose-resistant breeding program in the 1970s, to its official release in 2006, and then to its introduction and spread in Colombia—understanding this heirloom variety's past and present in one article. [more…]

Ethiopia, as the birthplace of Arabica coffee, is home to tens of thousands of native varieties, usually collectively referred to as "Heirloom." However, in recent years, numerically named varieties such as 74110 have gradually entered the public eye. Behind these numbers lies a history of disease-resistant breeding: in the 1970s, coffee berry disease ran rampant, and JARC collected and selected 13 resistant varieties, giving rise to the 74 series. This article will explain the naming logic, variety characteristics, cultivation distribution, and flavor performance of 74110, and compare its similarities and differences with 74112, helping you gain a more comprehensive understanding of this batch of numbered varieties. [more…]

When you look at the origin information on a bag of Ethiopian coffee beans, the variety field often says "Heirloom." What exactly does this mean? It is actually a collective term for Ethiopia's local heritage varieties, and it is estimated that there are tens of thousands of native coffees in the region that have not yet been formally identified. This article will systematically sort out the differences between Heirloom and Landrace, from the meaning of the terms, classification, and flavor expression to naming trends, and also introduce the meaning of the numbering of JARC-bred varieties. The article also combines several beans from Front Street Coffee to explain the reasons why Ethiopian beans vary in size and why their flavors change from year to year, helping you gain a more comprehensive understanding of the variety diversity of this birthplace of coffee. [more…]

As the birthplace of Arabica coffee, Ethiopia is home to the world's largest coffee gene pool. Its nine specialty regions each possess a distinct terroir character, from the citrus and floral notes of Yirgacheffe to the wild, complex aromas of Harrar, from the rich fruity tones of Sidama to the sandalwood finish of Limu, presenting an astonishing spectrum of flavors. This article systematically reviews the altitude, processing methods, and flavor characteristics of Ethiopia's various regions, offers an in-depth interpretation of the variety classification logic behind Heirloom landraces, including the origins of the JARC series, Dega, and Kurume, and, combined with Front Street Coffee's Huakui roasting curve and V60 brewing parameters, provides coffee lovers with a complete guide from origin to cup. [more…]

Ethiopia, as coffee's genetic treasure trove, has a variety system far more complex than one might imagine. The Heirloom native variety label commonly seen on the market is actually a collective term for mixed-harvest varieties, not a single specific variety. The numeric codes such as 74110, 74112, and 74158 that have frequently appeared in recent years originate from JARC's disease-resistant breeding program in the 1970s. This article will systematically sort out the classification of Ethiopian coffee cultivation models, the essential meaning of Heirloom, the origin of the 74-series numeric varieties, and the identification and naming of Landrace local varieties, helping coffee enthusiasts understand the variety information on Ethiopian coffee bags. [more…]

As the birthplace of coffee, Ethiopia has a variety system far more complex than we might imagine. What exactly does the commonly seen Heirloom native variety mean on the market? What do the numerical codes such as 74110 and 74158 that have frequently appeared on packaging in recent years represent? This article will sort out the three cultivation models of Ethiopian coffee, trace the historical context of the JARC disease-resistant breeding program in the 1970s, explain the naming logic of the 74/75 series lines, and introduce the progress in identifying and naming Landrace local varieties. At the same time, by combining specific products such as Front Street Coffee's Kafa Forest washed lot and Sidamo Santaverney 74158, it will help readers build a complete understanding of Ethiopia's variety system. [more…]

In Ethiopia, in addition to the widely known heirloom varieties, recent years have seen the emergence of varieties such as the 74 series, Wush Wush, and Dega. Among them, Wush Wush, with its cute name and unique flavor, though uncommon, always catches the eye of coffee enthusiasts. Today, Front Street Coffee will take you on an in-depth look at this variety: it originates from Wush Wush village in the Gimbo district of Ethiopia, and belongs to the heirloom coffee family along with Geisha. In the 1970s, to combat anthracnose, the Jimma Agricultural Research Center bred disease-resistant varieties, and Wush Wush was officially released in 2006. However, most of the Wush Wush on the market today comes from Colombia—what's the story behind this? Front Street recently acquired a natural Wush Wush from Birch Estate in the Huila region of Colombia, and this article will reveal its flavor and brewing suggestions. [more…]

Ethiopia, as the birthplace of Arabica coffee, is known for beans with floral and citrus notes, but many enthusiasts notice that the coffee beans here often vary in size and shape. This is not a quality issue, but rather the result of the country's extraordinarily rich variety of coffee cultivars, diverse cultivation patterns, and a grading system that focuses on defect rate rather than bean size. This article will analyze the causes of differences in Ethiopian coffee bean morphology, introduce the three cultivation methods of garden, estate, and forest, explain the JARC digital variety series and the origin of 74158, and finally present the flavor profile of Front Street Coffee's Sidamo Santawini coffee beans. [more…]

In the world of specialty coffee, varieties named after numbers are becoming increasingly common, and 74110 is one of the most talked-about. It comes from Ethiopia, the birthplace of coffee, was bred by the Jimma Agricultural Research Center, and is one of the pioneering varieties in the fight against coffee berry disease. This article will walk you through the origin of the name 74110, the background of its discovery, its plant characteristics, and its flavor profile. We will also look at Ethiopia's unique approach to variety selection and the concept of "heirloom varieties," and see how this variety frequently appears in COE competitions. Front Street Coffee invites you to explore the story behind this number. [more…]

When purchasing Ethiopian coffee, in addition to the common Heirloom native variety label, in recent years more and more varieties with numerical codes have entered the public eye, such as 74158, 74110, and others. What exactly do these numbers represent? They are closely related to a period of disease-resistant breeding history in the Ethiopian coffee industry. In the 1970s, coffee anthracnose ravaged Ethiopian producing regions, prompting the Jimma Agricultural Research Center to launch a systematic breeding program, selecting from hundreds of samples several varieties that combined disease resistance with excellent flavor. This article will outline the origins of these numerical varieties, their classification logic, the flavor characteristics of their main representatives, and their performance in COE competitions, and will also introduce related products brought in by Front Street Coffee. [more…]

When buying Ethiopian single-origin coffee, the "Heirloom" commonly seen on packaging often leaves people puzzled. It is not a specific variety, but a collective term for the vast number of native Arabica varieties in the region. As the birthplace of coffee, Ethiopia has thousands of natural variants, and many producing areas even grow dozens of varieties mixed together, making it impossible to classify them one by one. This article will take you through Front Street's perspective to understand the true meaning of Heirloom, its relationship with flavor, and the stories of specific varieties such as JARC numbered varieties, Geisha 1931, Gori Geisha, and Wush Wush. [more…]

In recent years, a group of numerically named varieties have frequently appeared among Ethiopian coffees. Coded beans such as 74158, 74110, and 74112 not only appear on the lists of major green bean competitions, but have also become targets that many coffee farmers and brands are eager to plant. What exactly do these numbers represent? Why can they excel in both flavor and yield? This article will start with the history of JARC's variety selection and breeding, sort out the origins and advantages of these coded beans, and focus on two standout 74158 coffees in Front Street Coffee's bean list — Front Street Ethiopia·ALO and Front Street Ethiopia·Hamashu — to help you understand their respective flavor characteristics and origin backgrounds. [more…]

Ethiopia, as the birthplace of coffee, boasts a rich variety of native heirloom varieties and unique natural conditions. The Sidama region, with its high altitude, fertile volcanic soil, and abundant rainfall, has become synonymous with high-quality coffee. The Santa Vini processing station, a high-altitude processing facility under DWD Company, processes the 74158 variety using a 96-hour anaerobic natural method, presenting tropical fruit flavors such as pineapple and citrus along with a full-bodied mouthfeel. Front Street Coffee has selected this bean and brews it using a V60, a 1:15 coffee-to-water ratio, and 92°C water temperature, delivering fermented wine aromas and a sweet red wine aftertaste that coffee enthusiasts will savor. [more…]

Bensa, a sub-region in Ethiopia's Sidama zone, is a sub-region known for its high altitude and unique microclimate, and the coffee it produces is often described as "little perfume." This article introduces Bensa's geographical advantages, cultivation patterns, and variety characteristics, especially how the 74 series disease-resistant varieties released by JARC contribute to its stable and stunning flavor. The Ethiopia Hamasho (74158 natural medium-light roast) on Front Street Coffee's bean list is a typical example; when ground, it releases light floral notes and the sweet aromas of mango and strawberry, and in the cup it presents rich layers of guava, citrus, and white flowers, with a light, clean mouthfeel and a long finish. If you are captivated by perfume-like coffee aromas, the Bensa region is worth trying. [more…]

For coffee lovers, among the coffees they've tried, there's always at least one African coffee bean. Among them, the Ethiopian Yirgacheffe coffee beans, originating from the birthplace of Arabica, are highly renowned for their excellent flavor and are much loved by many. In recent years, domestic specialty coffee has developed rapidly, and this coffee, which enjoys great fame in the international coffee circle, [more…]

Friends who frequently buy Ethiopian coffee beans are certainly familiar with the variety label "Heirloom," usually translated into Chinese as "native species" or "heirloom." But in the past two or three years, another term has quietly appeared on the packaging of some Ethiopian beans—"Landrace." What exactly is the relationship between it and Heirloom? Are they different names for the same thing, or two completely different concepts? In this article, Front Street will take a careful look at the origins and evolution of Landrace local varieties, starting from Ethiopia's garden planting system, sorting out the mixed-harvest nature of Heirloom, then moving on to JARC's work in identifying local varieties, and why more and more international green bean merchants have begun to purchase these varieties with distinctive regional characteristics separately. At the end, we also include information on the Kaffa Forest lot currently sold by Front Street for everyone's reference and comparison. [more…]

In 2020, Ethiopia held its first-ever Cup of Excellence (COE) competition in history, where 28 coffees scoring above 87 points stood out, with 3 of them even surpassing the 90-point mark, all from the Sidama region. Front Street Coffee successfully bid on a natural Typica ranked 22nd, from the West Arsi area. This article will guide you through the details of this year's COE winners, Ethiopia's coffee variety naming system, the pros and cons of traditional natural processing, as well as Front Street Coffee's roasting curve, cupping performance, and brewing suggestions for this auction lot, presenting a complete flavor guide to Ethiopia's coffee-producing regions for coffee enthusiasts. [more…]

Yirgacheffe is Ethiopia's most iconic specialty coffee region, and its coffee beans vary in size, often leading to the mistaken belief that they are of poor quality. This article begins with variety classification, explaining the origins of Ethiopia's native Heirloom varieties and introducing the differences between JARC varieties and regional landrace varieties; it then explains Yirgacheffe's signature citrus acidity, floral aroma, and tea-like sweet aftertaste, as well as their connection to terroir and processing methods; it also outlines the specific standards for defect rates and cupping scores in the ECX grading system; finally, using the washed Gedeb cooperative as an example, it details pour-over key points such as water temperature, grind size, coffee-to-water ratio, and the three-stage pouring technique, providing practical reference for coffee enthusiasts. [more…]