Around September 7 local time, the Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia (commonly known as the "Child of Krakatau") remained highly active, with ash plumes surging as high as about 50,000 feet (roughly 15,000 meters), reaching the cruising altitude of commercial airliners. [more…]

Ethiopia is not only the birthplace of Arabica coffee but also one of the world's major suppliers of high-quality coffee beans. Coffee occupies a central position in Ethiopia's economy, culture, and trade. In 2024-2025, Ethiopia's coffee export volume and export revenue both reached historic highs, marking [more…]

Data from the Kenya Agriculture and Food Authority (AFA) for the September quarter shows that Rwanda accounted for 43% of Kenya's total coffee imports, reflecting growing confidence in the quality of Rwandan coffee beans. Meanwhile, Uganda's coffee export value to Kenya fell sharply, although in terms of unit price [more…]

According to data from Xinhua News Agency and the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority (ECTA), China has surpassed the United States to become the world's third-largest importer of Ethiopian coffee. It is reported that the Ethiopian Trade and Trade Administration (ECTA) exported 47,8 [more…]

Brazilian green coffee exports accelerated noticeably in August. Data released by Brazil's Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secex) shows that as of August 24, Brazil had exported 153,800 tonnes of green coffee this month, surpassing the 142,900 tonnes exported in the entire month of August last year. In terms of average daily export volume, in August this year Brazil's daily [more…]

Coffee beans, like fruit, are seasonal. Beans from the same mountain—fresh new crop just after harvest versus old beans that have sat for most of a year—can differ by a noticeable margin in the intensity of their floral and fruity aromas. When buying beans in the floral-fruity direction, besides checking the roast date, harvest season information is equally worth noting. Floral-fruity notes are among the faster-fading types of flavor, and freshness plays a [more…]

Those who chase crema often reach a fork in the road: the thicker the crema, the richer the flavor, but the delicate floral and fruity notes tend to blur along with it. Richness and clarity are like the two ends of a seesaw—finding your own balance point is more worth pondering than simply piling on more crema. The essence of crema is carbon dioxide, lipids, and proteins. [more…]

Even though they are all labeled Arabica, coffee bean prices can differ by dozens or even hundreds of times. At one end of this price spectrum are commercial beans on store shelves, and at the other end are famous estate beans bid on per pound at auctions. Understanding what makes each level expensive will help you spend your money wisely and make it easier to find the tier that matches your taste. The entry level is commercial grade. [more…]

Once you've been drinking coffee for a while, many people find themselves circling back to the same few familiar names: Yirgacheffe, Mandheling, Blue Mountain. These mainstream origins certainly have their strengths, but the map of the coffee world is far vaster than the regulars on the shelf. Shift your gaze just a little to the side, and you'll often stumble upon surprises. The so-called [more…]

In the world of floral and fruity coffee, the East African highlands are a route you can't avoid. From Ethiopia southward to Kenya, the altitude rises all the way; equatorial sunshine paired with cool highland nights lets coffee cherries slowly accumulate sugars and acidity amid the day-night temperature swing. Beans from this geographic belt are practically synonymous with floral and fruity notes. To truly understand floral [more…]

The homeland of Arabica is the highlands of Ethiopia, where tracts of wild coffee forest still grow to this day. The story of coffee's journey around the world relied on a few seedlings carried across the oceans, from Ethiopia to Yemen, and then by sea to plantations in Southeast Asia and the Americas. Today, the Arabica of every major producing region can, when traced back to its roots, be connected to this [more…]

Anaerobic natural, lactic fermentation, barrel-aged, yeast inoculation—the vocabulary of specialty coffee processing methods has exploded in recent years, and coffee menus increasingly read like a brewery's process manual. These experimental processing methods are not marketing coinages; each one corresponds to a genuine technological innovation. This article maps out the mainstream lineage and examines "flavor alchemy." [more…]

Same estate, same processing method—so why do some varieties fill the cup with floral aromatics while others taste utterly ordinary? Half of the underlying code for floral and fruity aromas is written into the coffee variety's genes. This article sorts through several star variety families to see how genes determine the aromatic destiny in the cup. Geisha: the pinnacle example of floral aroma. This one, from Eth... [more…]

From the same estate, the same variety, and the same harvested batch of coffee cherries, the flavor in the cup can be as different as two distinct beans—simply because of a different processing method. This is the magic of coffee processing. In the microscopic world, it uses microorganisms and time to perform the alchemy of flavor. The washed method is the oldest mainstream technique, and its logic is "to do [more…]

When exploring the regions that produce floral and fruity coffee, Ethiopia and Kenya are two origins you simply cannot avoid. These two African regions have distinctly different floral and fruity styles, and once you understand their respective fruity codes, you can precisely match your own taste preferences when choosing beans. Ethiopia is the native birthplace of Arabica, and its floral and fruity notes are characterized by tropical [more…]

When it comes to rich, creamy body, many people first think of Mandheling. Mandheling is indeed a representative of full-bodied richness, but in the world of specialty coffee, it isn't the only region known for beans with abundant oils. Understanding the oil expression of beans from different regions allows you to move beyond the Mandheling framework when selecting beans, giving you a richer set of choices. Mandheling is full-bodied and oil [more…]

For a rich, full-bodied taste and a beautiful crema, many people's first choice is Mandheling. Mandheling is indeed the representative of the full-bodied style, but it's far from the only origin that offers that rich body and crema—getting to know a few more directions will give you a much wider range of choices. First, let's look at Mandheling. Sumatra Mandheling from Indonesia is the long-established representative of the full-bodied style—Front Street PWN Indonesia [more…]

When it comes to coffee beans with rich, creamy body, many people first think of Mandheling. Indeed, Indonesian Mandheling is the representative of the rich and creamy style, but if you want to drink rich, creamy coffee, the producing regions to choose from are not limited to this one. Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and Jamaica each have their own expressions of richness and creaminess, and they are all worth trying one by one. Indonesia is a stronghold of the rich and creamy style. Sumatran [more…]

Arabica is not a single variety, but a vast family. Different varieties perform noticeably differently in espresso, and understanding a few representative varieties makes drinking SOE more interesting. Typica is one of the oldest varieties within Arabica, with a clean, bright flavor and delicate sweetness, and is the flagship variety of many classic producing regions. [more…]

After using a home semi-automatic machine for a while, many people want to advance from blends to SOE, experiencing the expression of origin flavors on their home machine. SOE, or Single Origin Espresso, means extracting beans from a single region into espresso on their own, tasting the bean's original flavor personality. Although home machines have limited pressure, as long as you choose the right beans and adjust [more…]