Anaerobic natural, lactic fermentation, barrel-aged, yeast inoculation—the vocabulary of specialty coffee processing methods has exploded in recent years, and coffee menus increasingly read like a brewery's process manual. These experimental processing methods are not marketing coinages; each one corresponds to a genuine technological innovation. This article maps out the mainstream lineage and examines "flavor alchemy." [more…]

Micro-lot coffee is often labeled as high quality, but is it necessarily superior to regular lots? This article examines the true positioning of micro-lot coffee from the perspectives of transportation costs, estate production logic, experimental processing, auction selections, and private customization. At the same time, using the Costa Rica Musician Series Mozart as an example, it introduces the flavor performance of this raisin honey-processed micro-lot from Front Street Coffee's bean list, and analyzes the differences between air-freighted lots and sea-freighted lots, helping coffee enthusiasts view the concept of micro-lots rationally. [more…]

The 2023 Cup of Excellence (CoE) in Brazil underwent a major competition format change, for the first time dividing participating green beans into three categories: dry process, wet process, and experimental process, with awards evaluated separately for each. This change aims to respect different processing methods, encourage producer innovation, and promote fair competition. After pre-selection and multiple rounds of national and international judging, the lists of ten winning beans in each of the three groups have been announced, with a minimum score requirement of 87 points. Erwin Mierisch, Executive Director of the Alliance for Coffee Excellence, stated that the new classification both recognizes the value of traditional processing methods and responds to market demand for innovative processing methods. This article will outline the competition format details, the winning situation in each group, and explore the profound impact of this change on the specialty coffee industry. [more…]

Mogiana and Bahia are two other important specialty coffee regions in Brazil. Mogiana is known for its traditional natural process, while Bahia is a pioneer of specialty coffee experiments in Brazil. This article introduces you to the characteristics of these two regions. [more…]

Ice drip coffee and cold brew coffee are two common methods of making cold coffee, and the two differ noticeably in production process, extraction time, and final flavor. Front Street Coffee conducted a synchronized experiment using the same sun-dried Huakui coffee beans, comparing the production methods and resulting performance of ice drip and cold brew in an all-round way, from grind size calibration to powder-to-liquid ratio setting, and then to extraction time and post-processing methods. The experimental results showed that ice drip coffee was clear and bright, with a clean and refreshing mouthfeel, carrying fermented notes and a faint berry-like sweet acidity; cold brew coffee, by contrast, had a full-bodied mouthfeel and uniform flavor, with prominent fruity sweetness and a weaker fermented note. This article will analyze in detail the differences in production methods between the two types of cold coffee, the experimental plan, and the flavor comparison results, to help coffee enthusiasts more clearly understand the characteristics of both and the basis for choosing between them. [more…]

In the world of specialty coffee, there is one name that is almost synonymous with "ultimate"—Ninety Plus, which we commonly call 90+. What makes it stand out to coffee professionals worldwide? The hard metric of scoring above 90 points in SCAA cupping is only the starting point; what is truly astonishing is its complete control from seed to cup: the exclusive Profile Processing production system, its own Gesha estate in Panama, and a unique system that uses flavor symbols instead of traditional processing method labels. This article gives you a systematic understanding of 90+'s brand core, grading logic, and flavor philosophy, along with practical brewing suggestions from Front Street Coffee for brewing 90+ Candor. [more…]

In recent years, the popularity of Geisha in the specialty coffee world has continued to climb, and Hacienda La Esmeralda in Panama, as the core estate that propelled this variety to its peak, has always drawn close attention for its grading system. Besides the familiar Red Label, Green Label, and auction lots, a new grade called "Black Label" has quietly appeared on the market—not only is it expensive with extremely low production, but information about it is also rather mysterious. This article will systematically sort out the Geisha grading framework of Hacienda La Esmeralda and take a deep dive into the definition of Black Label Geisha, its source plots, degree of scarcity, and the experimental processing techniques involved behind it, helping coffee enthusiasts fully understand the true face of this brand-new grade. [more…]

Anaerobic fermentation processing is a green bean processing technology that has attracted much attention in the coffee industry in recent years. Since Sasa Sestic, the 2015 WBC champion, brought it to the forefront, it has quickly swept through the specialty coffee world. Inspired by red wine-making techniques, this processing method injects carbon dioxide into a sealed container to expel oxygen, creating an oxygen-free environment that allows precise control of the fermentation process, giving coffee beans higher sweetness and more unique flavor layers. As processing technologies continue to evolve, experimental methods such as anaerobic natural, anaerobic washed, and double anaerobic have emerged one after another, each presenting distinctly different flavor expressions. This article will systematically sort out the principles and origins of anaerobic fermentation, and analyze one by one the process steps and flavor characteristics of these three common anaerobic processing methods, while also explaining them in conjunction with specific Front Street Coffee bean offerings. [more…]

Where does the name of Panama's Eleta Coffee come from? How are Panama coffee beans graded? This article begins with the founding story of Ninety Plus (90+), taking you through how Joseph Brodsky accumulated experimental processing experience in Ethiopia and then established the 90+ Geisha estate in Panama in 2009. It also covers patented processing methods such as Red, Ruby, and Solkiln, as well as the flavor profiles of the LevelUp sub-label series, and includes a detailed profile of 90+ Geisha from Panama's Volcan region. Front Street Coffee will also recommend noteworthy beans for you in this article. [more…]

La Palma y El Tucan estate is located in Colombia and is renowned for its innovative cooperative model and experimental processing. Founders Carlos, Elisa, and Felipe launched the "Neighbors & Crops" project, partnering with more than 200 surrounding smallholder farmers to build sustainable relationships through training in picking, premium purchasing, and nursery support. The estate not only carefully processes each batch of cherries, but also cultivates varieties such as Gesha, SL28, Bourbon, and Caturra under high-altitude microclimates, which will be harvested in the coming years. Front Street Coffee recommends paying attention to this estate's unique flavors and quality potential. [more…]

2015 WBC Italian Champion Sasa Sestic returns to the competition stage after seven years. This time, he brings an experimental batch of Geisha from Iris Estate, a farm he created together with Jamison Savage, owner of Deborah Estate in Panama, to compete in the 2022 Australian Coffee Brewers Cup. This coffee professional, who has delved deeply into carbonic maceration for many years, chose to hold back in an era when anaerobic fermentation swept the competition scene, studying regional terroir and volatile compounds, and using his original Paragon brewing method and ice-stone aroma-locking technique to showcase the candy-like sweetness of an ultra-long macerated Green Tip Geisha. This article will provide a complete analysis of his brewing approach, staged pouring parameters, and flavor performance, with a recommendation from Front Street Coffee at the end. [more…]

Yunnan coffee has attracted growing attention in the specialty market in recent years. From its past as a raw material for instant coffee to today's endless array of experimental processing methods, its flavor image is being redefined. But what exactly should Yunnan coffee taste like? And what is the relationship and difference between Typica and Catimor? This article begins with the history of cultivation, traces the evolution of Arabica varieties in Yunnan's small-bean producing regions, focuses on the Typica coffee that Front Street Coffee grows in Lincang, and provides a specific pour-over recipe for sun-dried Typica, including dose, ratio, water temperature, grind size, and a three-stage pouring rhythm, to help you brew a cleaner, more balanced side of Yunnan coffee. [more…]

Among the many coffee-growing islands in the Caribbean, Puerto Rico is a special case—it is not an independent country but a self-governing territory of the United States. This island, located in the eastern Greater Antilles, has a central mountain range running through it, volcanic terrain, and a tropical rainforest climate. Coffee cultivation was introduced by Spanish colonists as early as the 18th century. By the late 19th century, production reached 30 million pounds, ranking it among the world's top seven coffee-producing countries. Since then, due to the U.S. takeover, rising costs, typhoon damage, and competition from Brazil, the industry has gone through repeated ups and downs, and in 2017 two hurricanes destroyed nearly 90% of the plants. Today, Puerto Rican coffee is gradually recovering, with particularly outstanding quality in the Yauco area. About 4,000 coffee farmers on the island produce 3 million pounds of green beans annually, with varieties including Arabica, Robusta, and Liberica, and processing methods expanding from traditional washed and natural to experimental techniques. This article will guide you through this turbulent history and the current state of its varieties. [more…]

Colombia is not only the world's third-largest coffee-producing country, but also the largest exporter of washed Arabica coffee, with specialty-grade beans accounting for as much as forty percent of its exports. From Mariano Ospina Rodríguez establishing the first experimental plantation in the nineteenth century to the founding of the National Federation of Coffee Growers in 1927, Colombia's coffee industry has traveled a path from pioneering exploration to organized promotion. Front Street Coffee uses washed beans from Huila as its everyday representative, while also introducing the Sidra and Maragogipe from Finca El Diviso, showcasing the flavor differences between different varieties from the same estate under anaerobic natural processing. This article will provide a complete overview of the core knowledge of Colombian coffee, from its historical development and the principles of processing methods to specific pour-over recipes. [more…]

When selecting coffee beans, you may have noticed the term "micro-lot coffee." Literally, it seems to refer simply to a smaller batch of beans, but the reality is far more than that. The core of a micro-lot lies in being "specially treated" or "having something unique," rather than merely being low in volume. This article will walk you through the true meaning of micro-lot coffee and introduce different categories one by one, including innovative experimental, meticulously selected, air-freight pre-heated, and private custom types. We will also mention Hacienda La Esmeralda's annual process of selecting the best plots through cupping for auctions, as well as information about Front Street Coffee, to help you fully understand the diverse aspects of micro-lot coffee. [more…]

Extracting a shot of espresso can be done in as little as twenty-odd seconds, but it is precisely this difference of just a few seconds that is enough to push the flavor in the cup in a completely different direction. As one of the core variables in the extraction process, time never exists in isolation—any change to dose, brew ratio, or grind size will affect the final extraction result. This article will start from the reasonable range for extraction time, break down one by one how dose and grind size affect flow rate and flavor, and share Front Street's practical approach to daily dialing in at the shop, along with several espresso blend beans suitable for practice, to help coffee lovers find a stable and delicious espresso recipe more quickly. [more…]

In this year's COE competition, the Brazil region stands out as particularly distinctive. Not only have the competition rules been adjusted, but the winning varieties also differ greatly from those of other coffee-producing countries, which is especially evident in the experimental processing group: the winning bean varieties are almost never repeated, and most are not well known to the general public. This article will focus on three standout varieties—MGS Paraíso 2, Catucaí Amarelo 2SL, and Starmaya—and outline their origins, agronomic performance, and flavor potential. For enthusiasts concerned with coffee variety diversity, this information is especially worth noting. Front Street Coffee will also continue to follow up on the introduction and evaluation of related bean varieties in subsequent content. [more…]

How exactly are single-origin coffee beans defined? This article begins with Front Street Coffee's Geisha blend, sorting out the naming logic and origin awareness of single-origin coffee, and takes a deep dive into Mirazu Estate in the Tarrazú region of Costa Rica, analyzing the composition of its multi-variety blend of Geisha, ET47, SL28, and Maico, as well as the processing details of the raisin honey method. The estate owner Esteban Sanches's formal academic background and experimental spirit give this bean both floral notes and berry sweetness. The article also fully presents Front Street Coffee's roasting curve, cupping report, and V60 brewing parameters, providing coffee enthusiasts with a full-process reference from green bean understanding to extraction execution. [more…]

To taste the Geisha flavor of the Costa Rican region, Front Street Strawberry Candy coffee beans are a choice worth trying—this bean is a blend of Geisha with other varieties and can be purchased at Front Street's physical stores or Taobao shop. This article focuses on this Front Street Geisha blend single-origin coffee bean, first clarifying the definition of single-origin coffee, then taking a deeper look at Mirazu Estate in the Tarrazú region of Costa Rica: the estate owner Esteban Sanches's formal academic background and experimental spirit, the origins and characteristics of varieties such as Geisha, ET47, SL28, and Maico, as well as the processing details of the raisin honey method. The article also fully records Front Street's roasting curve recommendations, cupping process and report, along with V60 brewing parameters and the final flavor performance, taking you from origin to cup for a comprehensive understanding of this coffee with strawberry gummy candy notes. [more…]

In Sumatra, Indonesia, wet-hulling is almost synonymous with Mandheling, yet Wahana Estate's natural process breaks this convention. This coffee uses the Rasuna variety—a hybrid of Catimor and native Sumatran Typica—planted in the Sidikalang region west of Lake Toba, at an altitude of 1,300 to 1,500 meters, grown slowly under full shade. In November 2013, we first encountered this batch of naturally processed beans, which presented aromas of peach, watermelon, and citrus, along with a creamy, cocoa-like mellow texture, accompanied by floral notes and strawberry sweetness. This article will comprehensively analyze the charm of this unique natural-process Mandheling, from the estate's background, variety characteristics, and processing method to its cupping performance, and include Front Street Coffee's reasons for recommending it. [more…]