Many coffee enthusiasts, when grinding and brewing specialty coffee, are drawn in by alluring aromas like strawberry, jasmine, citrus, and honey, yet after one sip, they often taste pronounced bitterness and acidity, a far cry from the expected sweetness. This phenomenon of smelling fragrant but tasting bitter actually stems from the different sensory systems we engage when smelling versus tasting. This article, starting from this topic often discussed at Front Street, will analyze in detail the mechanisms of orthonasal and retronasal olfaction, explain the changes in aroma compounds within the oral cavity, and why the impact of taste overshadows aroma perception. At the same time, we will also share a simple and practical tip—closed-mouth exhale—to help you capture richer layers of aroma after swallowing coffee, and demonstrate flavor expression with practical examples. [more…]

People new to specialty coffee are often puzzled: why can others taste citrus, jasmine, oolong tea? Can a cup of coffee really have so many flavors? In fact, the key to identifying coffee flavors lies not in the taste buds, but in the sense of smell. This article will take you from the principles of sensory perception to understand how the taste buds and orthonasal and retronasal olfaction work together, introduce tasting dimensions such as aroma, sweetness, acidity, mouthfeel, flavor, aftertaste, and balance, and offer sensory-training methods that beginners can put into practice—building a flavor memory bank, making good use of the coffee flavor wheel, exercising associative thinking, accumulating through more exchanges, and paying attention to diet and upkeep. The article also combines examples from Front Street Coffee to help you build your own sensory system step by step. [more…]

When drinking coffee, a numb tongue and dry mouth—this rough tactile sensation is astringency. Astringency is not a taste but a tactile feedback caused by friction between the coffee liquid and the oral cavity. Its root lies in the excessive release of polyphenolic compounds in coffee beans—especially chlorogenic acid—which bind with salivary proteins and weaken lubrication. Astringency often interweaves with acidity and bitterness, forming sour-astringent or bitter-astringent notes. This article will begin with the causes of astringency, explain its relationship with extraction state, analyze which astringency counts as a quality characteristic, as well as the astringency that green beans themselves may bring, and offer specific ideas for improvement by adjusting extraction efficiency. [more…]

Faced with a cup of pour-over coffee, many people are at a loss as to where to begin tasting. In fact, coffee tasting has both a subjective side of personal preference and objective standards that can be shared and discussed. Starting from a daily question at a Front Street store, this article sorts out the three core dimensions of tasting specialty coffee: volatile aroma, taste, and mouthfeel, and explains the difference between dry aroma and wet aroma, the role of retronasal olfaction, the range of tastes the taste buds can perceive, and the influence of the aftertaste on the overall experience after swallowing. Whether you are new to specialty coffee or currently learning to taste, you can use this to build your own sensory framework and expand your flavor memory bank through daily accumulation. [more…]

"A sweet aftertaste that promotes salivation, with bitterness giving way to sweetness" is the highest praise people give to a good cup of tea, and in coffee tasting, people also often use the term "sweet aftertaste," usually referring to coffee having a pleasing mouthfeel. So what exactly kind of taste experience is it when you perceive a sweet aftertaste in coffee? And how does it differ from the sweetness of coffee? [more…]

In the coffee cupping scoring system, aftertaste occupies a position that cannot be ignored. Even if a cup of coffee has outstanding flavors, it will be difficult to score highly if its aftertaste performs poorly. However, many enthusiasts often overlook this dimension, because aftertaste itself is rather subtle and requires certain skills to capture. This article, from the perspective of Front Street, systematically explains the definition of aftertaste, the principles behind its formation, methods of perception, and criteria for judging whether it is good or bad. At the same time, it compares the differences in aftertaste duration between pour-over coffee and espresso, helping readers build a complete understanding of the tasting process. [more…]

Compared to the straightforward expression of espresso, pour-over coffee presents its flavors more subtly, and tasting it requires more patience and method. From the perspective of Front Street, this article systematically sorts out the tasting path for pour-over coffee: from the dry aroma after grinding to the wet aroma during brewing, from the sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes brought by water-soluble substances to the flavor identification involving retronasal olfaction, and then to the mouthfeel experience determined by insoluble substances. The article also analyzes the causes of richness and thinness, the sources of astringency, and the influence of roast level on mouthfeel, helping coffee enthusiasts establish a correct tasting framework before identifying specific flavors and find a more efficient way to perceive them. [more…]

Is the acidity in coffee an advantage or a disadvantage? Why is some acidity pleasant while other acidity makes people frown? Starting from the sources and perception of acidity, this article analyzes one by one the meanings of tasting terms such as clean, balanced, texture, and complexity, and introduces the four major appreciation principles of acidity, texture, aroma, and flavor. At the same time, drawing on Front Street Coffee's brewing experience, it helps enthusiasts clarify the difference between good acidity and bad acidity, master the effects of adding sugar and extraction temperature on flavor, and thereby truly understand how to describe and appreciate the layers and personality of a cup of specialty coffee. [more…]

The coffee flavor wheel is an important tool in the specialty coffee industry, but many people are at a loss when faced with this chart and don't know how to interpret it. This article systematically sorts out the development background and practical value of the coffee flavor wheel, and provides an in-depth explanation of specific methods for sensory calibration training—from the daily accumulation of aroma memory to the dual perception mechanism of taste buds and mouthfeel in taste discrimination. Only by building a personal flavor memory bank through scientific training can you truly understand a cup of coffee. The article also introduces the working principles of the tongue's two types of receptors, as well as the material basis behind smoothness and astringency. If you want to improve your tasting ability, this training method is worth studying repeatedly. [more…]

Coffee tasting goes far beyond taste—it is a coordinated experience of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. This article starts from the interactive setting of a specialty coffee shop and delves into how to train and build your own coffee sensory system through daily accumulation and professional tools. You will learn how smell pulls on taste memory, how the tongue distinguishes the five basic tastes, how touch perceives body and smoothness, and how to use aroma kits such as the 36-aroma coffee nose and the 100-flavor flavor map for deliberate practice. Whether you are a coffee enthusiast or a professional, this method can help you read the flavors in the cup more clearly, making every tasting more enjoyable and more precise. [more…]

Many coffee enthusiasts share this confusion: the coffee in the cup smells wonderfully aromatic, yet once it hits the mouth, all they can distinguish is sourness, sweetness, and bitterness. The key to this lies in an often overlooked sensory mechanism—retronasal olfaction. Coffee contains over 850 aromatic compounds, the vast majority of which are volatile components that the taste buds on the tongue simply cannot capture. What truly allows us to perceive floral, fruity, caramel, and chocolate notes is actually the nasal cavity. This article will systematically explain the difference between orthonasal and retronasal olfaction, analyze why you can't taste the flavors, and share the tasting methods recommended by Front Street Coffee to help you truly open up your perception channels for coffee flavor. [more…]

Espresso serves as the foundation of Italian coffee, known for its high concentration and focused flavor. It can be enjoyed on its own and also forms the base for classic coffee drinks like lattes and cappuccinos. A standard single shot of espresso is about 30 milliliters, contains roughly 100 milligrams of caffeine, and has a concentration of 9% to 11%, far higher than pour-over coffee. Faced with such a powerful cup, many people are unsure how to properly taste it. Starting from the definition of espresso serving sizes and caffeine data, this article breaks down in detail the aroma, mouthfeel, and aftertaste to focus on during tasting, and includes specific steps such as cleansing the palate, stirring, drinking in stages, and closed-mouth aeration. It also recommends two coffee beans—Front Street Coffee's Strawberry Candy and the Classic Italian Blend—to help enthusiasts more fully appreciate the charm of espresso. [more…]

The first cup of milk tea in autumn, the first cup of the school year—milk tea is seen by many young people as a source of happiness, but overindulging can bring serious health risks. Xiaoliu, a 13-year-old eighth-grade girl in Hangzhou, drank a cup of milk tea almost every night to stay alert due to study pressure, which ultimately led to severe cavities in all 12 of her teeth and a diagnosis of "dental erosion." Doctors point out that milk tea not only contains a large amount of hidden sugar, but long-term consumption can also worsen tooth demineralization and corrosion. This article will recount the course of the incident, analyze the causes and harms of dental erosion, and offer practical advice for milk tea lovers on protecting their teeth. [more…]

"This coffee has a rich fruity profile, with notes of citrus, lemon, oolong tea, and jasmine!!!" For someone who has just been introduced to specialty coffee, this might sound unbelievable—how can you taste so many flavors in one cup of coffee! (Are they just making it up?) In this installment of Barista Growth Diary, we'll share a little [more…]

To accurately describe the taste and mouthfeel of a tea, just saying "it's good" is far from enough. The terms commonly used in tea tasting—huigan (returning sweetness), shengjin (salivation), houyun (throat rhyme), suohou (throat lock), astringency, and guabei (cup-clinging aroma)—each have clear meanings and criteria for judgment. This article breaks down these tasting concepts one by one, helping you describe the true sensations in your mouth and throat with more precise language when introducing Milan Xiang Dancong, while also avoiding poor-quality teas when actually selecting tea. [more…]

When ordering at a café, you'll often see a glass of ice water served alongside an espresso, and many enthusiasts are in the habit of drinking ice water before their coffee. Can this glass of ice water actually help us perceive coffee flavors more clearly? Front Street Coffee will approach this from the perspective of oral sensory cleansing, explaining how ice water enhances the tasting experience by rinsing away residue, stimulating saliva production, and numbing the palate through low temperature, while also tracing the origins of this practice in espresso culture. It will also discuss whether pour-over coffee is suited to the same approach, and why room-temperature water is gentler on the stomach and intestines. [more…]

Many friends who are just getting into coffee have this question: coffee has no sugar added, so why do some people say it's sweet? In fact, the sweetness of coffee is not sugar directly picked up by the taste buds, but a combined sensory experience formed by taste, smell, and association working together. From the perspective of Front Street, this article systematically explains the sources of coffee sweetness—including the transformation of sugars in green beans during roasting, the sweet aftertaste effect brought by the contrast between acidity and bitterness, and how retronasal olfaction leads us to associate sweetness with certain foods through aroma. At the same time, the article also shares practical tips in three areas—bean selection, brewing, and tasting—to help you perceive sweetness more clearly in black coffee, and includes extraction suggestions for beans such as Front Street Strawberry Candy. [more…]

As the saying goes, a good horse deserves a good saddle, and good tea belongs in a fine jar. As the main vessel for holding coffee, the impact of different cup designs on tasting has gradually drawn people's attention. Some coffee shops even spend lavishly on a set of coffee cups dedicated to serving, in order to create a dual experience for the eyes and the palate. Just like wine, cups [more…]

Espresso is both unfamiliar and full of challenges for most people, and the intense bitterness brought by its high concentration often deters beginners. However, as long as you master the correct way to taste it, espresso can also reveal rich and captivating layers of flavor. From the perspective of Front Street Coffee, this article systematically sorts out the historical origins and evolution of espresso, explains in detail the three major tasting dimensions of aroma, mouthfeel, and finish, and provides a complete set of operating steps from rinsing the mouth with ice water and stirring the crema to taking a large sip, helping coffee lovers truly appreciate the unique charm of this classic Italian beverage. [more…]

“How do you taste citrus in coffee?” Quite a few friends say they envy baristas for being able to casually name the specific flavors in coffee. Some friends also say, I can taste that the coffee is acidic, but that’s far from the citrus you’re talking about. Still others say flavors are all just nonsense. Front Street, in its daily online [more…]