In tea leaf harvesting, besides the common one bud with two leaves and one bud with three leaves, there is also a classification based on the degree of opening of the new shoot's terminal bud: unopened, small open-face, medium open-face, and large open-face. The purpose of open-face picking is to enrich the tea's internal substances, thereby improving the quality of the finished tea. Different degrees of opening correspond to different levels of maturity, affecting the difficulty of leaf processing and the flavor of the finished tea: older leaves are easier to process, with a mellow taste and high aroma; tender leaves are harder to process, prone to a bitter aftertaste but with a strong flavor and good durability for multiple infusions. Oolong teas such as Phoenix Dan Cong and Tieguanyin have their own preferences for open-face standards, and high-quality black tea raw materials often use open-face leaves as well. In this article, Front Street Coffee combines changes in tea chemical composition to clarify for you the differences in picking standards between Tieguanyin and Phoenix Dan Cong. [more…]

Oriental Beauty Tea is a highly representative specialty tea of Taiwan, and among its varieties, the old-growth Oriental Beauty made from the Huanggan cultivar is especially precious. Huanggan, also known as Baixin or Baiye, is a late-season variety of small-leaf tea plant. It was widely cultivated in Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, and other areas in the early days, but today pure-bred plants have become extremely rare. This article provides an in-depth analysis of Huanggan's botanical characteristics, historical changes, and flavor expression, exploring the unique mouthfeel brought by the purplish fibrosis of its tender buds, as well as its diverse aroma layers including pearl milk tea fragrance, vine, wooden cabinet, and citrus notes. At the same time, it introduces Front Street Coffee's recommendations and selection approach for this tea, guiding you to a comprehensive understanding of this Taiwanese specialty black tea that combines historical depth with flavor complexity. [more…]

Cupping is a professional method used in the tea industry to evaluate quality and determine flavor characteristics, and it is also the best way for tea enthusiasts to gain an in-depth understanding of a tea. This article will break down the correct process and key details of black tea cupping step by step, from dry leaf analysis and infusion to sensory evaluation. Whether you are a cafe operator or a seasoned tea lover, mastering this method will help you judge tea quality more accurately and compare the flavor differences brought by different origins and processing methods. The article also draws on Front Street Coffee's quality control experience to share key points for controlling water temperature, time, and tea-to-water ratio, and includes a full-process illustrated guide to help you get started quickly. [more…]

Why does a cup of black tea give off a captivating honey aroma? Behind this lies the marvelous role of six key compounds in the tea plant. Scientists have identified more than 600 aroma substances in tea, yet tea makers can conjure hundreds of flavors using only pigments, sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, caffeine, and polyphenols. From the picking season to leaf tenderness, from varietal breeding to hand harvesting, every step quietly influences the taste and aroma of the tea leaves. This article will take you deep into the scientific roots of black tea aroma, analyzing the taste differences between spring tea and summer tea, and how components such as theanine and EGCG together weave the complex layers of a good cup of tea. Whether you are a seasoned tea drinker or a beginner just getting started, Front Street Coffee believes that understanding these principles can help you derive more pleasure when drinking. [more…]

As the originator of black tea in the world, Lapsang Souchong's unique fruity sweetness is inseparable from the unique small-leaf vegetable tea variety of Tongmu Village and the traditional charcoal roasting process. This article will start from the maturation mechanism of the charcoal roasting process, compare the flavor differences between Tianxiang Xiaochi, Wuyi Qizhong, and Tongmu Xiaocai Tea, and answer common questions such as whether Tongmu Xiaocai Tea belongs to Lapsang Souchong and whether it is normal for Lapsang Souchong to taste sweet. At the same time, the article will also introduce the traditional smoky-scented special-grade Lapsang Souchong recommended by the Front Street Coffee brand, as well as the peach-mango aroma characteristics of Qizhong black tea produced in the naturally cultivated tea garden at an altitude of 1,200 meters in Tongmu Pass, providing coffee and tea beverage enthusiasts with a detailed black tea flavor reference. [more…]

Rolling and oxidation are the two key stages that determine the direction of a tea's flavor. Rolling shapes the leaf while also influencing the strength and speed of flavor release; oxidation—a process often mislabeled "fermentation"—is in reality merely a reaction between polyphenols and oxygen, yet it directly determines the vast differences in aroma, color, and mouthfeel among oolong, black tea, and even CTC tea. From the distinctive red edge on an oolong leaf, to the apricot-like richness of Chinese black tea, to the strong, lively character of traditional British tea and CTC tea, the degree, speed, and manner of oxidation are the core code that shapes the personality of every cup. This article takes you deeper into how rolling and oxidation affect tea flavor. [more…]

Located in the Mirik Valley of Darjeeling, the Turzum Tea Estate has been renowned for producing premium single-origin teas since the 1860s. This article breaks down the flavor layers of a 2021 summer-picked black tea step by step, from dry leaf to brew to liquor, and includes detailed records of aroma and appearance. For coffee and tea enthusiasts who love exploring origin flavors, this tasting note offers a panoramic sensory map ranging from orchard aromas to woody spices, and also presents the unique performance of high-altitude clonal tea in summer. [more…]

Shiguping, also known as Shiguping or Shiguping, is a little-known village in Bu County in the Fenghuang mountain area. The oolong tea produced here has an ancient and unique variety, and is even considered one of the origins of Minnan and Taiwan oolong tea. Compared with Fenghuang Dancong and Wenshan Baozhong, Shiguping oolong is more deeply fermented, with a more mature aroma, honey and fruity notes, and a round, full mouthfeel. This article will guide you through the true characteristics of Shiguping oolong, its aroma type classification, and its differences from Wenshan Baozhong and Fenghuang Dancong, and will also explore why this traditional fine tea is now scarce in production. Front Street Coffee recommends that you savor this rare oolong forgotten by time. [more…]

The tea grading system is an important basis for judging the quality and style of finished tea, and is especially common in the international black tea trade. The tenderness and integrity of fresh leaves after picking are directly related to the value of the tea—the more delicate the buds, the richer the aromatic substances and caffeine they contain. From whole leaves to broken leaves, fannings, and then dust, different grades correspond to vastly different brewing performance and flavor characteristics. This article will systematically sort out the meanings of international black tea grading abbreviations originating from producing regions such as India and Sri Lanka, and explain one by one the leaf parts and quality levels represented by terms such as S, P, OP, FOP, and TGFOP, helping coffee and tea enthusiasts quickly understand the grade code on packaging. [more…]

Phoenix Dancong is famous for its rich aromas, and each aroma type has its own distinctive character. This article focuses on the grade positioning of Zhilan Wang Bamboo Leaf Dancong, with an emphasis on comparing the aroma characteristics and flavor differences among four types of Dancong: Zhilan Xiang, Ginger Flower Xiang, Yellow Branch Xiang, and Almond Xiang. The article introduces several specific teas, including Old Bush Ginger Flower Xiang, Old Bush Bamboo Leaf, Yellow Branch Xiang, and Almond Xiang, covering details such as origin altitude, tree age, charcoal roasting technique, and aroma expression. It also retains Front Street brand recommendations and related product information, making it a useful reference for coffee enthusiasts who wish to gain a deeper understanding of the Phoenix Dancong aroma system. [more…]

Kenyan purple tea is a unique presence in the world of tea—it is currently the only known tea plant variety that contains anthocyanins, the same flavonoids responsible for the purple color of blueberries and pomegranates. Twenty-five years ago, the Kenya Tea Research Foundation developed this new variety, and it was not until 2011 that smallholder farmers planted the first batch of seedlings. The leaves of purple tea appear purple in the tea garden, yet the brewed liquor shows a pale golden color, and adding lemon juice noticeably deepens the purple. Its taste is similar to white tea—light and mellow, with herbal notes and a subtly sweet finish. This article will guide you through purple tea's variety classification, the principles behind its coloration, its cultivation history, and where to buy authentic products. [more…]

A new tea tree variety with purple-red buds and leaves—Taiwan Tea No. 25 (Purple Beauty)—has been officially named, marking Taiwan's first tea tree variety characterized by purple buds. Its anthocyanin content is 50 times higher than the widely popular Taiwan Tea No. 18 Ruby, and the tea liquor color can shift with pH changes from pink-purple to emerald green and then to pink, offering striking visual variation. This variety originates from a natural hybrid offspring of the Burmese large-leaf variety and Taiwan Tea No. 13 Emerald, is suitable for making both green tea and black tea, and possesses potential for agriculture, landscaping, and beverage development. Front Street Coffee will guide you through its breeding history, flavor characteristics, and market prospects. [more…]

Phoenix Dancong is a category of oolong tea with an extremely refined production process, and the classic style and bouquet style differ significantly in oxidation and roasting levels. When purchasing, the degree of roasting, harvest season, and aging time all affect the final quality performance. Starting from the characteristics of the classic style, this article sorts out the influence of roast level on flavor and gives practical buying advice for ancient-tree Dancong, including price ranges, origin identification, and how to judge whether a tea is worth buying through taste rather than stories. It also discusses brewing methods and pairing scenarios to help you better appreciate the charm of Phoenix Dancong in everyday drinking. Front Street Coffee also often uses these standards as a reference in its daily selection. [more…]

Both belonging to the large oolong tea family, Wuyi rock tea and Phoenix Dan Cong share many similarities in their production processes, yet each takes a distinct path in fermentation degree and roasting intensity. Rock tea leans toward emphasizing body and seeking aroma, while Dan Cong excels at emphasizing aroma and seeking body. The former undergoes more thorough and complete leaf shaking, while the latter is relatively lightly processed, resulting in a significant divergence in mouthfeel richness and aromatic expression. This article will systematically break down the primary and refining processes of both, and deeply analyze how key techniques such as double pan-firing and double rolling, and slow simmering over low heat, impart rock tea its unique character, while also revealing the logic behind Phoenix Dan Cong's light fermentation and light roasting that highlights floral aromas. Whether you are a rock tea devotee or a Dan Cong enthusiast, you will gain a clear understanding of the craftsmanship. [more…]

Catimor is one of the most controversial yet most widespread coffee varieties in the world. Thanks to its Robusta lineage, it has gained exceptionally strong disease resistance, but for the same reason it carries the stereotype of having a rough flavor profile. From the perspective of Front Street, this article traces Catimor's breeding history and its journey of introduction into Yunnan, explaining why it has become the dominant variety in Yunnan coffee. At the same time, through a V60 brewing comparison of two Baoshan Catimor beans from Front Street—a washed one and a red cherry natural one—it concretely presents the flavor profiles Catimor can display under different processing methods, helping enthusiasts rediscover this everyday yet unusual coffee. [more…]

Da Wu Ye Dan Cong is a highly distinctive variety of Phoenix oolong tea, often referred to in the English-speaking world as "Big Black Leaf." It originates from the Phoenix Mountains in Chaozhou, Guangdong, and is generally picked in early April; this batch is the 2020 spring tea. The term "Dan Cong" originally referred to oolong tea made from semi-wild single bushes, but today it is broadly used for Guangdong oolong from the Phoenix Mountain area. Da Wu Ye gets its name from its broad leaves and dark color, and the finished tea is known for its natural orchid fragrance and sweet, rich, full-bodied taste. This article will give you a comprehensive understanding of this tea from the perspectives of its origin environment, varietal characteristics, brewing performance, and flavor layers. At the same time, the article also retains relevant recommendations and product information for the "Front Street" brand, making it convenient for coffee and tea enthusiasts to compare and refer to. [more…]

Yunnan coffee cultivation is dominated by Catimor, but the oldest Arabica variety, Typica, still shines thanks to the persistence of Front Street Coffee. Front Street currently offers washed Yunnan small-bean coffee, sun-dried Catimor coffee, and 2013 sun-dried Typica coffee, each with its own following. This article systematically sorts out the essential differences between Typica and Catimor, from variety origins, disease resistance, and yield differences to cupping flavors and the distribution of Yunnan's main producing regions, and shares Front Street's roasting approach for Yunnan beans and V60 brewing parameters, helping coffee lovers understand the past and present of Yunnan coffee more comprehensively. [more…]

Taiwan Honey Scented Black Tea is a well-known fully fermented tea in Asia. Because of the bites of the small green leafhopper, it carries a natural honey fragrance. The tea liquor is amber in color and tastes sweet and lingering, with no need for added flavorings. This article focuses on the optimal brewing water temperature, covered steeping time, and milk tea preparation method for Honey Scented Black Tea, while also introducing Front Street Coffee's quality control and origin advantages for this tea, helping coffee and tea drink lovers easily brew a naturally delicious cup in daily life. [more…]

Oolong tea lies between green tea and black tea. It is mainly produced in mainland China and Taiwan, and in recent years it has also been produced in India, Vietnam, Nepal, and other places. Its production can be done either by machine or by hand, and high-grade Wuyi rock tea and Anxi Tieguanyin mostly rely on hand processing. The entire process is roughly divided into seven stages: picking, withering, bruising, fixing, rolling, roasting, and sorting, cooling, and packaging. Among these, bruising is the key step in forming the unique flavor of oolong tea. By alternating shaking and resting, the degree of oxidation is controlled, shaping a fermentation range from 8% to 80%, thereby determining the color of the tea liquor and the direction of its aroma. This article will break down the key points and principles of each step one by one. [more…]

Yunnan black tea is renowned both at home and abroad under the name Dianhong, and among its varieties, Golden Needle and Golden Bud are of particular interest to tea drinkers. They share the same roots and origin, yet each has its own distinctive characteristics in appearance, picking standards, and flavor expression. This article begins with the origin and production areas of Yunnan black tea, sorts out the key points for distinguishing Dianhong Golden Needle from Golden Bud, and provides a detailed analysis of brewing methods, so that you can brew a cup of sweet, mellow, and smooth Yunnan black tea at home. Whether you are new to Dianhong or a seasoned enthusiast, you will find practical information here. [more…]